Mathew Crawford of Rounding the Earth invited me and Jessica Rose onto his new podcast to discuss what science is, and what happened to it, under the title, “Science is Anti-Authoritarian.”

Our discussion is 1.5 hours long and covers the nature of science; how it fits into the “knowledge tree;” how it can be used to develop, centralize, or decentralize technology; science as a process versus an institution; how it gets captured by industry; the relative weight of money versus centralized information in that capture; cod liver oil versus antibiotics versus vaccines as an historical example of centralizing technology through industry-captured science; how we move forward with hope; and much more.

You can watch or listen to it above or with this link.

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• At no extra cost to you, please consider buying products from one of my popular affiliates using these links: Paleovalley, Magic Spoon breakfast cereal, LMNT, Seeking Health, Ancestral Supplements. Find more affiliates here.

• For $2.99, you can purchase The Vitamins and Minerals 101 Cliff Notes, a bullet point summary of all the most important things I’ve learned in over 15 years of studying nutrition science.

• For $10, you can purchase The Food and Supplement Guide for the Coronavirus, my protocol for prevention and for what to do if you get sick.

• For $29.99, you can purchase a copy of my ebook, Testing Nutritional Status: The Ultimate Cheat Sheet, my complete system for managing your nutritional status using dietary analysis, a survey of just under 200 signs and symptoms, and a comprehensive guide to proper interpretation of labwork.

Here is the debate I had with Nick Hiebert about the value of ancestral health. In the second half, Avi Bitterman takes over for Nick, and Saar Wilf makes a brief appearance.

This originally was held on Twitter Spaces and has no video. You can listen to the audio using YouTube above, Spotify below, or find it in your favorite podcast app under “Mastering Nutrition.”

Below is my summary and reflections, the time stamps, relevant links, and transcript.

In this post:

• Summary and Reflections

• Time Stamps

• Relevant Links

• Read the Transcript

• Leave a Comment

Summary and Reflections

Nick took the position that an ancestral diet is superior to a standard Western diet and lifestyle, but that there are a subset of unnatural diets that are superior to the range of ancestral diets. Thus, the best diet we can eat would likely contain artificial manipulation.

I took a more elaborate position as follows.

We can separate ancestral health frameworks into those centered around ancestral constraints, and those centered around ancestral knowledge and wisdom.

Ancestral constraints are unchangeable things that characterized our ancestral environment, such as lack of artificial lighting or refined foods. These serve as a goldmine of hypotheses that will generate plenty of wrong ideas, but be better much better than a random idea generator.

The body of ancestral knowledge and wisdom is valuable both as a hypothesis generator and to use as a default in the face of scientific uncertainty. This body of knowledge is not determined genetically and is therefore not subject to natural selection. Whereas natural selection is biased towards promoting health early in life during the window of fertility, our ancestors may have compensated for this by selecting knowledge and wisdom that promotes longevity late in life.

I also took the position that there is no such thing as an optimal diet for everyone. Each person has an optimal diet for a particular point in their life that may change dynamically. If you take the sum total of optimal diets for all people at all times in their lives, the range of optimal diets will almost completely overlap with the range of ancestral diets. Most deviations from ancestral diets will incorporate artificial enhancements of certain ancestral components, such as the addition of a vitamin at a dose higher than can be obtained from food.

Finally, I took the position that, in principle, we should be able to make a superior artificial diet once our knowledge about nutrition is sufficiently complete, but we are likely so far away from this level of completeness that we will do far more harm than good for far too long when trying, and this is supported by our past experience trying to make artificial diets at great cost to those consuming them. The key examples are total parenteral (intravenous) nutrition (TPN), infant formula, and purified diets for laboratory rodents.

Nick’s argument centers around a concept known as antagonistic pleiotropy. This is the principle that a gene can often have multiple functions (that is, can be pleiotropic), and often at least one of them may promote health early in life during the window of fertility, and at least one of them may hurt health late in life after the window of fertility. Since these two properties are antagonistic to one another with respect to health, the principle is known as antagonistic pleiotropy.

Nick took the position that antagonistic pleiotropy is so ubiquitous that it describes the majority or even most genetic adaptations. During the debate, I accepted this for the sake of discussion, but stated explicitly that I did not know it to be true. After the debate, I read through Nick’s arguments on his web site as well as some related papers, and I wrote a much more extensive argument disputing this.

During the debate, however, we focused on what this would mean for the health value of ancestral foods if it were true.

Nick argued that if antagonistic pleiotropy describes the majority of genetic adaptations to food, then it must also describe the majority of ancestral foods. Therefore, the majority of ancestral foods must hurt longevity in the post-reproductive window.

I argued that Nick was conflating genetic adaptations with foods, and that the proportion of antagonistic pleiotropy among genetic adaptations tells us nothing at all about its proportion among foods.

Nick and I never came to any agreement on this.

Nick agreed with me that there will be many hurdles on the way toward developing artificial foods that are superior to ancestral foods, but considered this irrelevant to his inference, which was simply that there exist some artificial foods to pursue that will be superior to the best ancestral foods.

In the second half, Avi Bitterman came on and reframed the argument around antagonistic pleiotropy. Saar Wilf also jumped in to make some comments in defense of natural selection promoting health in old age.

All three of us agreed that natural selection will have some effect in old age. Avi was very insistent that at some point, however, antagonistic pleiotropy would win out over pro-longevity adaptations, such that ultimately our adaptations would be in net bad for longevity after some age.

I remained agnostic on this point, even though I pointed out — and we all agreed — that longevity always loses to death in the end. I emphasized, however — and we all agreed — that the relative proportions of antagonistically pleiotropic adaptations may ultimately be irrelevant since it might be very few genes that have outsized importance on all the major killers. Avi agreed, but pointed out that probability still favors large-magnitude adaptations being in net antagonistically pleiotropic after some age.

As during my discussion with Nick, I granted the predominance of antagonistic pleiotropy after some age with Avi for the sake of the discussion, although I remained agnostic. For reasons I described in my Ancestral Health Vs Ancestral Pleiotropy? followup, I now strongly question whether this is true.

One thing that Avi and I agreed on that seemed distinct from Nick’s position is that our adaptations to food will influence our genetically encoded food-seeking behaviors, but not the composition of foods available to us. And while Avi did defend the hypothetical superior artificial food, he also acknowledged that his argument about novel diets could simply apply to mixes of ancestral foods in different proportions than we are genetically driven to seek them.

This is important, because it does not support Nick’s arguments that the ancestral foods themselves must be majority antagonistic to longevity, and thus does not support Nick’s argument that artificial foods that are healthful early in life are probabilistically more likely to be beneficial than ancestral foods late in life.

Like Nick, Avi agreed with me on the principle that there would be empirical hurdles toward developing a superior non-ancestral diet, but Avi also added that he believes I’m exaggerating how poor our current state of knowledge is and that this would likely involve much less difficulty than I am suggesting.

Ultimately, the point where I formed the most agreement was with Avi, that it is possible for our genetically encoded food-seeking behaviors to be antagonistically pleiotropic after some age. In other words, in order to live as long and as healthfully as we possibly can, after some age, we may need to seek ancestral foods in different proportions than our genes drive us to seek them.

I find this rather trivial, because even our ancestors had knowledge and wisdom in which they advocated using strength of character and discipline to procure foods or engage in certain ways of life. That is, ancestral knowledge and wisdom includes methods of overriding our most base instincts to pursue the healthiest options.

Overall I found this debate interesting, but it didn’t change my belief about the value of the ancestral health framework.

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Time Stamps

Part 1: I debate Nick Hiebert

02:24 Nick’s opening position.

03:48 My opening position.

13:38 Nick lays out his case about antagonistic pleiotropy in detail.

20:45 Red meat and ApoB-containing lipoproteins as an example of antagonistic pleiotropy. Interaction with infectious diseases.

34:09 Iron, anemia, and hemochromatosis as a counter-example.

35:14 We debate whether novel foods would escape ancestral adaptations.

47:25 We return to iron, anemia, and hemochromatosis, and then revisit red meat, ApoB, and infectious and cardiovascular diseases.

53:14 Nick closes his primary argument.

55:54 I lay out my primary argument about ancestral restrains, ancestral health and wisdom, and the history of trying to create artificial foods — emphasizing rodent diets, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and infant formula — in detail.

01:10:54 Nick makes his closing statement.

01:12:12 I make my closing statement.

Part 2: I debate Avi Bitterman; Saar Wilf joins in

01:19:21 Avi reframes the antagonistic pleiotropy argument.

01:41:03 Saar Wilf joins in to make points about selection for post-fertility longevity.

02:06:55 I make my ultimate closing comment.

02:10:32 Avi makes his ultimate closing comment.

02:13:07 Nick makes his ultimate closing comment.

Relevant Links

Nick’s article, “Should Modern Humans Eat Like Hunter-Gatherers?”

My article, Ancestral Health vs. Antagonistic Pleiotropy?

Nick on Twitter

Avi on Twitter

Saar on Twitter

Me on Twitter

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This apparent explosion in troop illness had been brought up in a January hearing held by Senator Ron Johnson and a February lawsuit of the Navy Seals against the Biden vaccine mandate.

The Department of Defense (DOD) disputed the points brought up in the Johnson hearing by distributing their response through a Politifact “fact-checking” article, and disputed the points brought up in the lawsuit with an anonymous letter with no chain of custody.

The DOD claim was that the low rates of troop illness in the 2016-2019 data were a result of a “glitch” that occurred during a server migration.

The problem with this claim is that the military puts out a monthly magazine that in each year includes a review of past years’ rates of troop illness. These reports include overlapping years, giving us a smoking gun: the low rates of illness were published in this magazine repeatedly before the glitch and server migration were claimed to happen. Comparing the same data published in this magazine at different times shows that at some point between 2020 and 2021 someone altered the data, massively increasing the illnesses recorded for 2016-2019.

These include a 48% increase of acute myocarditis, a doubling of acute pericarditis, and a 2,381.3% increase in hypertensive disease.

On average, illness reports were revised upward 13.5%. This is massively higher than the typical upward revision seen in this database of only 0.1%.

There was also a large increase in “R codes,” which are a subset of diagnostic codes (ICD-10 codes) used for “signs, symptoms, and ill-defined conditions.” This was the one category where even after the 2021 version of the magazine contained a large, upward revision, the category increased even more after the “glitch” and “server migration” happened. In fact, roughly a half million to one million illnesses using R codes were recently added to each year from 2016 to 2020!

As it turns out, 2016 was the year diagnostic codes were revised from ICD-9 to ICD-10. It looks like someone was trying to create a very convenient story that these problems started increasing in 2016 due to diagnostic changes, when in fact they are exploding in 2021 after the vaccine rollout.

While Crawford cannot prove anyone’s motivation, nor who altered what when, he has assembled data that certainly raises the suspicion that someone deliberately altered the 2016-2019 data (and the 2020 data, if you include the post-“glitch” explosion of R codes) to hide explosions of troop illnesses that accompanied the vaccine rollout.

This is deeply concerning because it is a matter of national security: high-level military officers make decisions about troop readiness using this database, but presumably don’t know anything about its inner workings or how it could be manipulated. To make it worse, the handling of this database is outsourced to a private company! At minimum, this exposes the military to unreasonable risk; at worst, it provides a mechanism of plausible deniability for someone on the inside to order the manipulation of the database.

This is also deeply concerning for what it means more broadly: if a database of this level of importance to national security can be so easily manipulated, what else that we are looking at has been manipulated in the same or a similar way?

Nevertheless, Crawford ends on a hopeful note, emphasizing the empowerment, transparency, and improved safety we can gain if we do our parts to promote political and financial decentralization.

Listen to the Audio

I highly recommend watching the video above so you benefit from seeing the data on the slides, but you can also listen to the audio here:

Relevant Links

Crawford’s Substack, Rounding the Earth.

Everything Crawford has written about the DMED database, with further links and references.

Coquin de Chien

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Disclaimer

I am not a medical doctor and this is not medical advice. Nor is this financial or legal advice, nor is anything contained herein to be construed as an explicit accusation against any individual or organization mentioned. My goal is to seek the truth and to empower you with information. Please make all health decisions yourself, consulting sources you trust, including a caring health care professional.

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• At no extra cost to you, please consider buying products from one of my popular affiliates using these links: Paleovalley, Magic Spoon breakfast cereal, LMNT, Seeking Health, Ancestral Supplements. Find more affiliates here.

• For $2.99, you can purchase The Vitamins and Minerals 101 Cliff Notes, a bullet point summary of all the most important things I’ve learned in over 15 years of studying nutrition science.

• For $10, you can purchase The Food and Supplement Guide for the Coronavirus, my protocol for prevention and for what to do if you get sick.

• For $29.99, you can purchase a copy of my ebook, Testing Nutritional Status: The Ultimate Cheat Sheet, my complete system for managing your nutritional status using dietary analysis, a survey of just under 200 signs and symptoms, and a comprehensive guide to proper interpretation of labwork.

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Stephan is a long-time friend and colleague. He has a PhD in neuroscience, and studies the role of the brain in controlling the food we eat and the other behaviors we engage in that affect our body composition and risk of obesity. His book lays out how the brain makes these decisions and what we can do to outsmart these deeply rooted instincts in today’s challenging environment.

We begin by talking about what makes us fat, why we are now fatter than ever, why our environment affects some of us so much more strongly than others, and what we can do about it on both an individual and societal level. Then we move on to the book: what you can get out of reading it, why Stephan decided to write it, and the process he used during the three years of research, writing, and publication. In the last part, I get Stephan’s advice for people who want to follow a similar career path, and ask Stephan how he sees his career evolving now that he’s left academia but has stayed so intimately involved with science.

Listen to the Audio

Show Notes

In this episode, you will find all of the following and more:

• 0:00:35     Introduction, Stephan’s bio, overview of the interview

• 0:03:10    Why do we get fat and why are we fatter than ever before?

• 0:06:15    Teasing apart increased food intake from decreased physical activity

• 0:09:03     If the Hadza (hunter-gatherers in Tanzania) don’t have higher energy expenditure than we do, why are they so lean?

• 0:12:10     Food reward hit our society after a long decline in physical activity; what happens when high food reward hits a society where physical activity remains high?

• 0:15:34     What is the most fattening diet in the world?

• 0:21:24     Are effort costs more powerful than exercise?

• 0:27:03     The effect of the “built environment,” the effort costs of exercise and the cultural honor we bestow on convenience

• 0:28:27     If our environment has become so obesogenic, how come so many of us are lean?

• 0:32:32     In Nutrition and Physical Degeneration, Weston A. Price took hundreds of photos of people all over the globe who ate themselves into very ill health with diets rich in refined flour and refined sugar, yet none of them are fat. Why not?

• 0:36:14    What are the most impactful things we can do as individuals to maintain healthy body composition?

• 0:40:00    What are the most impactful things we can do as a society to encourage healthy body composition?

• 0:42:07    The risks of food taxes and similar political tools, and the risks of inaction

• 0:44:19     Who should read Stephan’s book, “The Hungry Brain,” and what does he hope they’ll get out of it?

• 0:46:36    How did he decide to write “The Hungry Brain,” and why did he find the concept so compelling and book-worthy?

• 0:48:30    That the brain regulates body fatness seems obvious in retrospect. What hid its obviousness for so long?

• 0:53:07    How receptive are nutrition scientists to the food behavior concepts being studied by neuroscientists?

• 0:55:46    How researching this topic in such depth caused Stephan to recalibrate the evidence and understanding he needs before he would be willing to challenge the perspectives of experts.

• 0:58:36    A day in the life of writing The Hungry Brain.

• 0:59:43    How Stephan got experts to talk to him.

• 1:02:26   How Stephan made the decision to leave academia from his postdoc to write a book rather than pursuing a tenure-track faculty position, and how he sees his career path evolving.

• 1:06:04    If someone were to follow in Stephan’s footsteps and write a scientifically rigorous book for a general audience, what do they need to lay the foundations for success? Audience building, funding and frugality, time for writing, pitching a proposal, illustrations, keeping the gears of the publishing gears turning, publicity.

• 1:09:39     How much time did Stephan spend on this?

• 1:11:24     Managing a book advance

• 1:12:48     The surprising hurdles of self-employment: will Stephan keep jumping them, or get a job?

• 1:13:15     Wrapping up: where people can find the book, where people can find Stephan’s other work

Relevant Links

Stephan’s book is available in hardcover, Kindle, and Audible formats.

Stephan’s web site contains hundreds of thickly referenced scientific posts, including many that led him on the path to writing this book, as well as posts on many other topics.

Read the Transcript

Masterpass members can read the transcript here:

Access the Transcript Here

To learn more about the Masterpass, click here.

Disclaimer

I am not a medical doctor and this is not medical advice. Nor is this financial or legal advice, nor is anything contained herein to be construed as an explicit accusation against any individual or organization mentioned. My goal is to seek the truth and to empower you with information. Please make all health decisions yourself, consulting sources you trust, including a caring health care professional.

Please Show This Post Some Love

Let me know what you think in the comments! And please like the post if you found it valuable, and share the post with others if you believe they too would find it valuable.

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Take a Look at the Store

• At no extra cost to you, please consider buying products from one of my popular affiliates using these links: Paleovalley, Magic Spoon breakfast cereal, LMNT, Seeking Health, Ancestral Supplements. Find more affiliates here.

• For $2.99, you can purchase The Vitamins and Minerals 101 Cliff Notes, a bullet point summary of all the most important things I’ve learned in over 15 years of studying nutrition science.

• For $10, you can purchase The Food and Supplement Guide for the Coronavirus, my protocol for prevention and for what to do if you get sick (free if you become a paid subscriber to my Substack).

• For $29.99, you can purchase a copy of my ebook, Testing Nutritional Status: The Ultimate Cheat Sheet, my complete system for managing your nutritional status using dietary analysis, a survey of just under 200 signs and symptoms, and a comprehensive guide to proper interpretation of labwork.

• For a recurring $15/month or $120/year, you can join the CMJ Masterpass, with monthly access to live Zoom Q&A sessions with me, and huge discounts on my consulting, my informational products, and the health and wellness products from other companies that I value most. Paid Substack subscribers get 50% off the membership fee.

• In any amount at all, you can make a donation to support my work on COVID vaccines during this time when our freedom of speech, bodily autonomy, and right to earn a living are all under attack.

Please note, a human being has gently censored certain keywords in a way that most humans will still understand but computer algorithms will not. Completely uncensored video and audio are always available to Masterpass members. The completely uncensored version of this video has also been made fully available on Rumble.

Listen to the Audio

I highly recommend watching the video above so you benefit from seeing the data on the slides, but you can also listen to the audio here:

You can also listen to this wherever you listen to your podcasts, including the Apple and Android podcast apps and Spotify.

Important Links

Follow Dr. Kats on Telegram here: https://t.me/NiaCur

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Learn more about the Masterpass here.

Take a Look at the Store

• At no extra cost to you, please consider buying products from one of my popular affiliates using these links: Paleovalley, Magic Spoon breakfast cereal, LMNT, Seeking Health, Ancestral Supplements. Find more affiliates here.

• For $2.99, you can purchase The Vitamins and Minerals 101 Cliff Notes, a bullet point summary of all the most important things I’ve learned in over 15 years of studying nutrition science.

• For $10, you can purchase The Food and Supplement Guide for the Coronavirus, my protocol for prevention and for what to do if you get sick.

• For $29.99, you can purchase a copy of my ebook, Testing Nutritional Status: The Ultimate Cheat Sheet, my complete system for managing your nutritional status using dietary analysis, a survey of just under 200 signs and symptoms, and a comprehensive guide to proper interpretation of labwork.

Listen to the Audio

You can also listen to this wherever you listen to your podcasts, including the Apple and Android podcast apps and Spotify.

Show Notes

If you follow Dr. Rose on her web site or YouTube channel, she is first and foremost an analyst of the adverse event reporting system. If you follow her substack, her bio is simple: “I am a dissident.”

Her academic bio emphasizes her expertise in biology and immunology:

Dr. Jessica Rose is a Canadian researcher with a Bachelor’s degree in Applied Mathematics and a Master’s degree in Immunology from Memorial University of Newfoundland. She also holds a PhD in Computational Biology from Bar Ilan University and 2 post-doctoral degrees: one in Molecular Biology from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and one in Biochemistry from the Technion Institute of Technology. She was also accepted for a 2-month program as a senior researcher at the Weizmann Institute prior to completion of her latest post doctoral degree at the Technion.  

Important Links

Her CV is rich in published work on infectious diseases:

https://i-do-not-consent.netlify.app/media/Curriculum%20Vitae%20June%202021.pdf

She plays advisory roles in the Canadian organization Take Back Our Freedoms:

https://takingbackourfreedoms.ca/about-us/

She is also involved with Geert Vanden Bossche's Voice for Science and Solidarity:

https://www.voiceforscienceandsolidarity.org/authors/jessica-rose

The three most important ways to keep up with her work are her web site, substack, and YouTube channel:

https://i-do-not-consent.netlify.app/

Unacceptable Jessica

Jessica's Substack Input

By Jessica Rose

https://www.youtube.com/user/74jessicarose

This is her currently withdrawn paper on myocarditis:

https://61b87bfde22db9000824d656–i-do-not-consent.netlify.app/media/A%20Report%20on%20Myocarditis%20Adverse%20Events%20in%20the%20U.S.%20Vaccine%20AdverseEvents%20Reporting%20System%20%28VAERS%29%20in%20Association%20with%20COVID19%20Injectable%20Biological%20Products.pdf

This is her critical appraisal of VAERS as a pharmacovigilence tool:

https://i-do-not-consent.netlify.app/media/Pharmacovigilance%20VAERS%20paper%20FINAL_OCT_1_2021.pdf

Time Stamps

07:25 The interview starts

08:27 Her academic background

25:09 How she started analyzing VAERS data

31:14 Were the mandates a surprise or expected?

31:34 Raw milk persecution, Rawsome raids, National Animal Identification System, swine flu microchips and forced quarantining laws

38:45 Interpreting VAERS: how do we think about underreporting, overreporting, stimulated reporting, and causality?

52:08 Total adverse events are continuing to accumulate at the same rate even though the rollout is tapering, breakthrough infections, female reproduction issues

56:38 John Su misrepresents the data on 5-11-year-olds at CDC meeting

01:03:02 Hiding the children injected illegally

1:08:52 Severe adverse events in 5-11-year-olds

1:15:37 Back when 50 VAERS deaths would take a product off the market

1:18:04 We should be more cautious, not less cautious, when the data is poor quality

1:21:00 Hiding the all-cause mortality data

1:26:51 Can you get COVID twice? And what does it mean, exactly, to “get” COVID?

1:48:37 Widespread low-level inflammation throughout the population

1:53:14 Can the spike protein be written to the human genome?

1:57:31 Why is the risk/reward ratio so much worse for kids?

2:03:57 The effect of the vaccines on viral evolution in the era of omicron

2:12:18 Do we have an epidemic of hospitalizations for PCR-negative COVID-like illness in fully vaccinated people?

2:16:13 The saga of the retracted paper

2:20:14 Most myocarditis is severe by standard definition

2:27:13 Two approaches to language in peer-reviewed papers: raw honesty vs deference to the narrative.

2:32:58 What is a “vaccine” and are these injections technically vaccines?

2:42:48 The importance of precision

2:45:20 The potential future of widespread or even mandatory prophylactic gene therapy

2:50:00 Why risk-reward is the wrong way to thing about the vaccines

2:56:36 Blood transfusions and shedding

3:01:57 Her advice as a concerned citizen of the human species to us as we enter into a world wherein we are rapidly losing our freedoms.

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Learn more about the Masterpass here.

Take a Look at the Store

• At no extra cost to you, please consider buying products from one of my popular affiliates using these links: Paleovalley, Magic Spoon breakfast cereal, LMNT, Seeking Health, Ancestral Supplements. Find more affiliates here.

• For $2.99, you can purchase The Vitamins and Minerals 101 Cliff Notes, a bullet point summary of all the most important things I’ve learned in over 15 years of studying nutrition science.

• For $10, you can purchase The Food and Supplement Guide for the Coronavirus, my protocol for prevention and for what to do if you get sick.

• For $29.99, you can purchase a copy of my ebook, Testing Nutritional Status: The Ultimate Cheat Sheet, my complete system for managing your nutritional status using dietary analysis, a survey of just under 200 signs and symptoms, and a comprehensive guide to proper interpretation of labwork.

To learn more about the Masterpass, click here.

Read more

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Listen to the Audio

I highly recommend watching the video above so you benefit from seeing the data on the slides, but you can also listen to the audio here:

Show Notes

00:00:01 Introduction

00:01:28 Gabriela's body of research showing the importance of individual variation in susceptibility to infectious diseases.

00:04:25 Conventional models that don't take into account individual variation overestimate the size of epidemics and overestimate the effect of interventions.

00:05:21 How has her research been received by her colleagues?

00:09:30 The evolution of immunity has to be through the action of natural selection on variation, making it logically necessary that variation exists.

00:11:54 Nutrition scientists underestimated variation in nutritional requirements but have been much more receptive than infectious disease epidemiologists to incorporating it into their models.

00:15:51 The ability to identify a single necessary factor in infectious disease spread has biased the field toward a ground-up mechanistic model to vet the inclusion of variables.

00:22:34 What is herd immunity?

00:26:11 Tuberculosis disappeared because socioeconomic conditions improved.

00:29:06 Until the vaccine, measles cycled in and out of herd immunity as new infants entered the susceptible population.

00:31:13 Measles is much more transmissible than SARS-CoV-2.

00:32:21 SARS was contained before it had a chance to spread.

00:34:08 Herd immunity is not the end of concern about a disease.

00:34:33 The herd immunity threshold for COVID will be crossed many times, but crossing it the first time is the end of the "pandemic phase."

00:39:16 The seasonality of the flu is influenced not only by weather and social patterns that influence transmissibility, but also by cyclically crossing in and out of herd immunity. Viral mutations can be the trigger to temporarily cycle out of herd immunity.

00:46:57 Why conventional herd immunity threshold calculations say the threshold is 60-80% for COVID, but why Gabriela's model says 10-20%.

00:51:45 How do we know what the degree of variation is?

00:54:56 Gabriela's conclusions are similar to those reached by other researchers when looking at NYC and Chicago.

00:56:48 As long as susceptibility is correlated to infectiousness, natural infections will remove the most infectious people early on.

01:01:26 Is it possible that lockdowns and social distancing are solely responsible for everything we attribute to herd immunity?

01:08:30 How likely is it that fading immunity and reinfection would render the herd immunity model useless?

01:11:19 What does the New York City data tell us about herd immunity and reinfection?

01:15:32 What does Spain's second wave tell us?

01:19:21 We discuss Harvard Professor Miguel Hernán's suggestion on Twitter that NYC is doing so much better than Madrid because NYC had superior testing, contact tracing, and phased reopening.

01:23:16 Misunderstanding herd immunity has huge economic consequences.

01:25:13 Should we be looking at cases, hospitalizations, deaths, or seroprevalence as our primary metric?

01:35:28 We discuss University of Minnesota epidemiologist Michael Osterholm's suggestion that scientists modeling a 20% herd immunity threshold are "not connected with real-world thinking" and that the much higher infection rates in prisons and a South Korean call center show that the herd immunity threshold cannot be anywhere near as low as 20%.

01:41:05 Gabriela is hoping to find more collaborators to extend the modeling to more communities.

01:41:55 Why approaching herd immunity rapidly allows you to massively overshoot the threshold

01:46:10 How has her research been received by peer review, the press, and her colleagues?

01:49:00 What developments will she be looking for that would falsify her model?

01:50:39 What are the policy implications of her research?

Read the Transcript

Masterpass members can read the transcript here:

Access the Transcript Here

To learn more about the Masterpass, click here.

Disclaimer

I am not a medical doctor and this is not medical advice. Nor is this financial or legal advice, nor is anything contained herein to be construed as an explicit accusation against any individual or organization mentioned. My goal is to seek the truth and to empower you with information. Please make all health decisions yourself, consulting sources you trust, including a caring health care professional.

Please Show This Post Some Love

Let me know what you think in the comments! And please like the post if you found it valuable, and share the post with others if you believe they too would find it valuable.

Share

Take a Look at the Store

• At no extra cost to you, please consider buying products from one of my popular affiliates using these links: Paleovalley, Magic Spoon breakfast cereal, LMNT, Seeking Health, Ancestral Supplements. Find more affiliates here.

• For $2.99, you can purchase The Vitamins and Minerals 101 Cliff Notes, a bullet point summary of all the most important things I’ve learned in over 15 years of studying nutrition science.

• For $10, you can purchase The Food and Supplement Guide for the Coronavirus, my protocol for prevention and for what to do if you get sick (free if you become a paid subscriber to my Substack).

• For $29.99, you can purchase a copy of my ebook, Testing Nutritional Status: The Ultimate Cheat Sheet, my complete system for managing your nutritional status using dietary analysis, a survey of just under 200 signs and symptoms, and a comprehensive guide to proper interpretation of labwork.

• For a recurring $15/month or $120/year, you can join the CMJ Masterpass, with monthly access to live Zoom Q&A sessions with me, and huge discounts on my consulting, my informational products, and the health and wellness products from other companies that I value most. Paid Substack subscribers get 50% off the membership fee.

• For $250-$1499.99, you can work one-on-one with me.

• In any amount at all, you can make a donation to support my work on COVID vaccines during this time when our freedom of speech, bodily autonomy, and right to earn a living are all under attack.

Here’s what we debated: What exactly is a carnivore diet?
Is a 90% meat diet a carnivore diet, a carnivore diet you cheat on, a carnivore-ish diet, or just a meat-heavy omnivorous diet?
And why definitions absolutely matter. Is the carnivore diet ancestral?
What can we learn from present-day hunter-gatherers, the archeological record, and our evolutionary history as revealed by our genes?
Who is the carnivore diet for?
To what extent do carnivore and keto overlap?
What are the benefits of keto and how broadly applicable are they?
What are the potential harms of keto?
In particular: acid-base balance thyroid, stress, and sex hormones oxidative stress and glycation sports performance
We agree we need to cycle between the fed state and the fasting state.
Can the keto diet, designed to mimic fasting-state physiology, provide adequate fed-state signals to keep our body feeling well nourished?
Inuit CPT-1a deficiency redux: did a genetic impairment in the ability to make ketones sweep through the Arctic to protect the Inuit from acidosis, or to help them stay warm?

Dr. Saladino completed residency in psychiatry at the University of Washington and is a certified functional medicine practitioner through the Institute for Functional Medicine. He attended medical school at the University of Arizona where he worked with Dr. Andrew Weil focusing on integrative medicine and nutritional biochemistry. Prior to this, Dr. Saladino worked as a physician assistant in Cardiology. It was during this time that he saw first hand the shortcomings of mainstream western medicine with its symptom focused, pharmaceutical based paradigm. He decided to return to medical school with the hope of better understanding the true roots of chronic disease and illness, and how to correct these. He now maintains a private practice in San Diego, California, sees clients from all over the world virtually, and has used the carnivore with hundreds of patients to reverse autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, and mental health issues. When he is not researching connections between nutritional biochemistry and chronic disease, he can be found in the ocean searching for the perfect wave, cultivating mindfulness, or spending time with friends and family.

Find more of Dr. Paul Saladino on the Fundamental Health podcast and at

https://carnivoremd.com

Listen to the Audio

I highly recommend watching the video above so you benefit from seeing the data on the slides, but you can also listen to the audio here:

Show Notes

00:00:42 Cliff Notes

00:03:49 Introductions

00:03:59 What is a carnivore diet?

00:16:46 Is the ancestral human diet carnivore or omnivore?

00:49:11 Who is a carnivore diet for?

01:06:34 To what extent do carnivore and keto overlap?

01:09:05 Who is a keto diet for?

01:17:21 Ketogenic diets are only a partial mimic of fasting physiology

01:22:17 Ketones effect on the NAD/NADH ratio 

01:26:02 Ketogenesis has opposite effects in the liver as in the ketone-utilizing tissue.

01:28:02 Ketogenic diets and oxidative stress

01:38:49 Longevity: why you want to cycle between the fasting state and the fed state

01:43:35 Can the ketogenic diet provide a sufficiently robust fed-state signal?

01:51:42 The keto diet and thyroid, stress, and sex hormones

02:08:36 Keto and sports performance

02:16:36 Why do the Inuit have a genetic impairment in making ketones, to protect against acidosis, or to stay warm?

02:34:19 Wrapping up

Research Paul and I Discussed With Each Other Prior to the Debate

Latitude, local ecology, and hunter-gatherer dietary acid load: implications from evolutionary ecology

High endogenous salivary amylase activity is associated with improved glycemic homeostasis following starch ingestion in adults

Diet and the evolution of human amylase gene copy number variation

Insights into hominin phenotypic and dietary evolution from ancient DNA sequence data

stable isotopes reveal patterns of diet and mobility in the last Neandertals and first modern humans in europe

Exceptionally high δ15N values in collagen single amino acids confirm Neandertals as high-trophic level carnivores

Isotopic evidence for the diets of European Neanderthals and early modern humans

THE LESTER AND SALLY ENTIN FACULTY OF HUMANITIES THE CHAIM ROSENBERG SCHOOL OF JEWISH STUDIES AND ARCHAEOLOGY

Ketoacidosis in a non-diabetic woman who was fasting during lactation

Ketoacidosis is not always due to diabetes

A life-threatening complication of Atkins diet

Ketoacidosis during a low-carbohydrate diet

Ketoacidosis: The Dark Side of Ketones

The effects of a glycogen loading regimen on acid-base status and blood lactate concentration before and after a fixed period of high intensity exercise in man

The effects of diet on muscle pH and metabolism during high intensity exercise

Dietary composition and acid-base status: limiting factors in the performance of maximal exercise in man?

Chronic ketogenic low carbohydrate high fat diet has minimal effects on acid–base status in elite athletes

Keto-Adaptation: Some Clues to Its Complexity

Acid–base safety during the course of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet

Measurement of blood acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate in an automatic analyser

Metabolic characteristics of keto-adapted ultra-endurance runners

Reduction in serum leptin and IGF-1 but preserved T-lymphocyte numbers and activation after a ketogenic diet in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Elevated polyunsaturated fatty acids in blood serum obtained from children on the ketogenic diet

The effects of a ketogenic diet on exercise metabolism and physical performance in off-road cyclists

The Ketogenic Diet's Effect on Cortisol Metabolism

Cardiovascular and hormonal aspects of very‐low‐carbohydrate ketogenic diets

Body composition and hormonal responses to a carbohydrate-restricted diet

Glucose but not protein or fat load amplifies the cortisol response to psychosocial stress

Postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon responses to meals with different nutrient compositions in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Acetyl coenzyme A: a central metabolite and second messenger

Glutathione synthesis

Hormone-mediated down-regulation of hepatic glutathione synthesis in the rat.

Sugar Is the Ultimate Antioxidant and Insulin Will Make You Younger

The ketogenic diet increases mitochondrial glutathione levels

Acute oxidative stress and systemic Nrf2 activation by the ketogenic diet

Modulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function by the ketogenic diet

Ketogenic diet increases glutathione peroxidase activity in rat hippocampus

Ketones inhibit mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species production following glutamate excitotoxicity by increasing NADH oxidation

Antioxidant capacity contributes to protection of ketone bodies against oxidative damage induced during hypoglycemic conditions

The therapeutic implications of ketone bodies: the effects of ketone bodies in pathological conditions: ketosis, ketogenic diet, redox states, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial metabolism

The redox state of free nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide phosphate in the cytoplasm of rat liver

Comparative studies on lipogenic enzyme activities in the liver of human and some animal species.

Ketone salts inhibit production of superoxide anions during normobaric and hyperbaric hyperoxia in rat solitary complex neurons

Ketogenic diet attenuates neuronal injury via autophagy and mitochondrial pathways in pentylenetetrazol-kindled seizures

The Tim Ferriss Show Transcripts: Dom D’Agostino on Disease Prevention, Cancer, and Living Longer (#188)

Ketosis leads to increased methylglyoxal production on the Atkins diet

Effects of a ketogenic diet as compared to a hypocaloric diet on metabolic parameters, oxidative stress (OS), advanced glycation end-products (AGES) and the soluble receptor for ages (SRAGE) in obese children and adolescents

Glycation, ageing and carnosine: are carnivorous diets beneficial?

Inhibition of fluorescent advanced glycation end products (AGEs) of human serum albumin upon incubation with 3-β-hydroxybutyrate

Quantitative screening of advanced glycation endproducts in cellular and extracellular proteins by tandem mass spectrometry

Regulation of Methylglyoxal Accumulation by Glutathione and Dietary Antioxidants

Is the “Receptor for AGEs (RAGE)” Really a Receptor for AGEs?

Leptin: a molecule integrating somatic energy stores, energy expenditure and fertility

Transcriptional control of the forkhead thyroid transcription factor TTF-2 by thyrotropin, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor I

Coupling between nutrient availability and thyroid hormone activation

DuOx2 promoter regulation by hormones, transcriptional factors and the coactivator TAZ

The Effect of Ketogenic Diets on Thyroid Hormones

Carbs and Sports Performance: The Principles

Carbs and Sports Performance: The Evidence

The effect of low carbohydrate diets on fertility hormones and outcomes in overweight and obese women: A systematic review

Effects of a 4-Week Very Low-Carbohydrate Diet on High-Intensity Interval Training Responses

Keto-adaptation enhances exercise performance and body composition responses to training in endurance athletes

Inuit Genetics Show Us Why Evolution Does Not Want Us In Constant Ketosis

Quantitative Variation of Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase Levels

The Scientific Approach of Weston Price, Part 2: Problems With Comparing Different “Racial Stocks,” With Inuit Adaptations in Vitamin D Metabolism As an Example

Acid-base and electrolyte disturbances in hypothermia

Outcome from severe accidental hypothermia in Southern Finland—a 10-year review

The P479L gene for CPT-1a and fatty acid oxidation

Coconuts and Cornstarch in the Arctic?

Glutamate/gaba-glutamine Cycle

Metabolic control of vesicular glutamate transport and release

β-hydroxybutyrate alters GABA-transaminase activity in cultured astrocytes

Anesthetic properties of the ketone bodies β-hydroxybutyric acid and acetone

Clinical calorimetry XLV. Prolonged meat diets with a study of kidney function and ketosis

Use of animal fat as a symbol of health in traditional societies suggests humans may be well adapted to its consumption

AHS18 Michael Rose - Evolutionary Biology of Diet, Aging, and Mismatch.

β-Hydroxybutyrate: a signaling metabolite

Ketone bodies mimic the life span extending properties of caloric restriction

Ketone bodies in the blood of full term newborns, premature and dysmature infants and infants of diabetic mothers.

More Resources on Carnivore Diets

Dr. Saladino’s work can be found at carnivoremd.com

Dr. Masterjohn’s guide, Doing a Carnivore Diet Right: Vitamins and Minerals, can be obtained here.

Read the Transcript

Masterpass members can read the transcript here:

Access the Transcript Here

To learn more about the Masterpass, click here.

Disclaimer

I am not a medical doctor and this is not medical advice. Nor is this financial or legal advice, nor is anything contained herein to be construed as an explicit accusation against any individual or organization mentioned. My goal is to seek the truth and to empower you with information. Please make all health decisions yourself, consulting sources you trust, including a caring health care professional.

Please Show This Post Some Love

Let me know what you think in the comments! And please like the post if you found it valuable, and share the post with others if you believe they too would find it valuable.

Share

Take a Look at the Store

• At no extra cost to you, please consider buying products from one of my popular affiliates using these links: Paleovalley, Magic Spoon breakfast cereal, LMNT, Seeking Health, Ancestral Supplements. Find more affiliates here.

• For $2.99, you can purchase The Vitamins and Minerals 101 Cliff Notes, a bullet point summary of all the most important things I’ve learned in over 15 years of studying nutrition science.

• For $10, you can purchase The Food and Supplement Guide for the Coronavirus, my protocol for prevention and for what to do if you get sick (free if you become a paid subscriber to my Substack).

• For $29.99, you can purchase a copy of my ebook, Testing Nutritional Status: The Ultimate Cheat Sheet, my complete system for managing your nutritional status using dietary analysis, a survey of just under 200 signs and symptoms, and a comprehensive guide to proper interpretation of labwork.

• For a recurring $15/month or $120/year, you can join the CMJ Masterpass, with monthly access to live Zoom Q&A sessions with me, and huge discounts on my consulting, my informational products, and the health and wellness products from other companies that I value most. Paid Substack subscribers get 50% off the membership fee.

• In any amount at all, you can make a donation to support my work on COVID vaccines during this time when our freedom of speech, bodily autonomy, and right to earn a living are all under attack.

To learn more about the Masterpass, click here.

Read more

We discuss what I consider high-risk nutrients:

Vitamin C
Folate

And what I consider conditional-risk nutrients:
Manganese​
Magnesium​
Vitamin K​
Potassium​
Molybdenum​

We also chat about some other things:

Dioxins in animal foods: a reason for vegetarianism?
The methionine-to-glycine ratio: balancing meat with bones and skin.
Did paleo people get nutritional deficiencies?
Bioindividuality: why we all have different needs and our needs evolve over time.
Diversify to manage risk: does this mean eat plants, or just eat all the parts of an animal?
Ketogenic diets and oxidative stress.
Do carbohydrates give you more intracellular insulin signaling?
Should carnivores eat dextrose powder for carbs?
Are today’s hunter-gatherers representative of those from 80,000 years ago?
Did the Maasai really mostly eat meat and milk?
My open-door helicopter ride in Hawaii.

Dr. Saladino completed residency in psychiatry at the University of Washington and is a certified functional medicine practitioner through the Institute for Functional Medicine. He attended medical school at the University of Arizona where he worked with Dr. Andrew Weil focusing on integrative medicine and nutritional biochemistry. Prior to this, Dr. Saladino worked as a physician assistant in Cardiology. It was during this time that he saw first hand the shortcomings of mainstream western medicine with its symptom focused, pharmaceutical based paradigm. He decided to return to medical school with the hope of better understanding the true roots of chronic disease and illness, and how to correct these. He now maintains a private practice in San Diego, California, sees clients from all over the world virtually, and has used the carnivore with hundreds of patients to reverse autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, and mental health issues. When he is not researching connections between nutritional biochemistry and chronic disease, he can be found in the ocean searching for the perfect wave, cultivating mindfulness, or spending time with friends and family.

Find more of Dr. Paul Saladino on the Fundamental Health podcast and at

https://carnivoremd.com

Listen to the Audio

I highly recommend watching the video above so you benefit from seeing the data on the slides, but you can also listen to the audio here:

Show Notes

1:01 Introductions

5:26 Dioxins in food. 

13:23 Methionine to Glycine ratio.

21:58 Nutritional deficiencies in paleolithic people.

25:59 Bio individuality/diversity

34:57 Deficiencies that arise from eating only muscle meat.

36:16 Vitamin C

43:12 Weston A. Price’s documentation of whale stomach lining and moose adrenal as a source of vitamin C in Arctic diets.

54:53 Ketogenic diets, oxidative stress, and vitamin c. 

57:26 Insulin

1:04:36 Antioxidant status.

1:21:34 Folate.

1:24:55 Riboflavin.

1:29:13 Manganese.

1:31:18 Dextrose powder.

1:36:21 Potassium/sodium.

1:51:27 Hunter gatherer diets now vs. 80 000 years ago.

2:01:55 The Maasai.

2:07:50 Vitamin K

2:17:50 The most radical thing I’ve done recently. 

Related Links 

Dioxins in Animal Foods: A Case for Vegetarianism?

Balancing Methionine and Glycine in Foods: The Database

A Glimpse of the Masai Diet at the Turn of the 20th Century — A Land of Milk and Honey, Bananas From Afar

This interview was originally published on Dr. Saladino’s podcast feed here.

Dr. Saladino’s work can be found at carnivoremd.com

Dr. Masterjohn’s guide, Doing a Carnivore Diet Right: Vitamins and Minerals, can be obtained here.

Read the Transcript

Masterpass members can read the transcript here:

Access the Transcript Here

To learn more about the Masterpass, click here.

Disclaimer

I am not a medical doctor and this is not medical advice. Nor is this financial or legal advice, nor is anything contained herein to be construed as an explicit accusation against any individual or organization mentioned. My goal is to seek the truth and to empower you with information. Please make all health decisions yourself, consulting sources you trust, including a caring health care professional.

Please Show This Post Some Love

Let me know what you think in the comments! And please like the post if you found it valuable, and share the post with others if you believe they too would find it valuable.

Share

Take a Look at the Store

• At no extra cost to you, please consider buying products from one of my popular affiliates using these links: Paleovalley, Magic Spoon breakfast cereal, LMNT, Seeking Health, Ancestral Supplements. Find more affiliates here.

• For $2.99, you can purchase The Vitamins and Minerals 101 Cliff Notes, a bullet point summary of all the most important things I’ve learned in over 15 years of studying nutrition science.

• For $10, you can purchase The Food and Supplement Guide for the Coronavirus, my protocol for prevention and for what to do if you get sick (free if you become a paid subscriber to my Substack).

• For $29.99, you can purchase a copy of my ebook, Testing Nutritional Status: The Ultimate Cheat Sheet, my complete system for managing your nutritional status using dietary analysis, a survey of just under 200 signs and symptoms, and a comprehensive guide to proper interpretation of labwork.

• For a recurring $15/month or $120/year, you can join the CMJ Masterpass, with monthly access to live Zoom Q&A sessions with me, and huge discounts on my consulting, my informational products, and the health and wellness products from other companies that I value most. Paid Substack subscribers get 50% off the membership fee.

• In any amount at all, you can make a donation to support my work on COVID vaccines during this time when our freedom of speech, bodily autonomy, and right to earn a living are all under attack.

To learn more about the Masterpass, click here.

Read more

Read more

Listen to the Audio

Show Notes

Here’s what you can expect to find in the podcast.

PART 1

Dr. Weston A. Price, a Cleveland dentist and researcher from the late 1800s, has been called the “Isaac Newton of Nutrition.” His research is just that pivotal to our understanding of the role diet plays in our health. Today, we take a deep dive into the research that Dr. Price conducted and how we can benefit from it. What foods did traditional peoples enjoy that helped them cultivate good health? What did they avoid? And what can we learn from their choices? On this podcast, Chris Masterjohn, a nutrition expert who has a PhD in Nutritional Sciences from the University of Connecticut, explains the foundational work of Dr. Price.

In the 1930s, Dr. Price traveled the world in order to study isolated people groups, visiting sequestered villages in Switzerland, Polynesian South Sea Islanders, African tribal groups, Australian Aborigines, and more. He was interested in finding out how these groups resisted the tooth decay and deformations that he was seeing in his clinic in the United States. The world over, Dr. Price found that those on their traditional diets not only had beautiful straight teeth, free from decay, but they also enjoyed vibrant health and vitality. Chris discusses in detail how Dr. Price went about this work and how it can serve us in our pursuit of good health today.

Highlights from the conversation include:

• Chris’ own recent trip to Greece and how he made discoveries for himself

• the purpose of Dr. Price’s research

• the wisdom and and history of traditional cultures

• the role nutrition plays in tooth decay

• the “displacing foods of modern commerce”

• the developmental effects of refined vs traditional foods

• how the width of the face is determined by more than just genetics

• the shocking story of the skulls Dr. Price found in Peru

• why our oral health and overall health are intrinsically linked

• how reversing tooth decay and healing cavities with diet is possible

• the difference between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins & which are so difficult to get

• Dr. Price’s four main food categories for good health

PART 2

We understand the beauty and benefit of diversity. We switch up our exercise routines. We diversify our investment portfolio. But did you know that it’s a good idea to diversify our diets, as well? Today, Chris Masterjohn makes a strong case for why it’s critical to do so for optimal health. Chris is a health expert and educator, with a PhD in Nutritional Sciences from the University of Connecticut. He explains in detail his rules of thumb for healthy eating. He give us practical ideas on how to translate the research of Dr. Weston A. Price from head knowledge to the dinner plate. Along the way, he tells stories about traditional people groups‘ dietary patterns; he warns us about the dangers of dietary extremes; and he gives us a window into the way he himself eats for optimal health.

Highlights from the conversation include:

• Chris’ “rules of thumb” for good health

• why it’s important to diversify our food sources

• how nutrients are different, even in the same food groups

• how to actually implement Dr. Price’s research in your life

• practical tips and advice for diversifying your food

• the problem with categorizing certain foods as “good” or “bad”

• why plants are not as good a source of calcium compared to dairy products or bones

• the dangers of the carnivore diet

• how there are no people groups who eat animal foods exclusively; nor are there people living solely on plant foods

• the strange story of isolated peoples who had no access to animal foods

• the importance of eat eating the entire animal, nose to tail

• what to do if your body has specific needs

• what Dr. Price found when he searched for vegan people groups

• the important principle of how distinct our nutritional needs are (both compared to others’ needs and how our own needs change over time)

• Learn about the true diversity of traditional cultures

Read the Transcript

Masterpass members can read the transcript here (note: transcript forthcoming):

Access the Transcript Here

To learn more about the Masterpass, click here.

Disclaimer

I am not a medical doctor and this is not medical advice. Nor is this financial or legal advice, nor is anything contained herein to be construed as an explicit accusation against any individual or organization mentioned. My goal is to seek the truth and to empower you with information. Please make all health decisions yourself, consulting sources you trust, including a caring health care professional.

Please Show This Post Some Love

Let me know what you think in the comments! And please like the post if you found it valuable, and share the post with others if you believe they too would find it valuable.

Share

Take a Look at the Store

• At no extra cost to you, please consider buying products from one of my popular affiliates using these links: Paleovalley, Magic Spoon breakfast cereal, LMNT, Seeking Health, Ancestral Supplements. Find more affiliates here.

• For $2.99, you can purchase The Vitamins and Minerals 101 Cliff Notes, a bullet point summary of all the most important things I’ve learned in over 15 years of studying nutrition science.

• For $10, you can purchase The Food and Supplement Guide for the Coronavirus, my protocol for prevention and for what to do if you get sick (free if you become a paid subscriber to my Substack).

• For $29.99, you can purchase a copy of my ebook, Testing Nutritional Status: The Ultimate Cheat Sheet, my complete system for managing your nutritional status using dietary analysis, a survey of just under 200 signs and symptoms, and a comprehensive guide to proper interpretation of labwork.

• For a recurring $15/month or $120/year, you can join the CMJ Masterpass, with monthly access to live Zoom Q&A sessions with me, and huge discounts on my consulting, my informational products, and the health and wellness products from other companies that I value most. Paid Substack subscribers get 50% off the membership fee.

• In any amount at all, you can make a donation to support my work on COVID vaccines during this time when our freedom of speech, bodily autonomy, and right to earn a living are all under attack.

Read more

We discuss his new book, Unconventional Medicine, and everything he is doing over at the Kresser Institute, including his new health coach training program. Chris is changing the face of medicine with his new paradigm. Listen in to find out why I told him that in the 2020 presidential debates, I expect the candidates to be debating how many jobs Kresser created over the last four years.

You can buy his new book, Unconventional Medicine, on Amazon.

If you’re interested in becoming a health coach, or if you already are one and wish to undergo his new training to get his functional medicine perspective, you have up until June 3 to enroll. You can sign up here.

Listen to the Audio

Show Notes

• 0:00:39     Cliff Notes

• 0:06:53     Introduction

• 0:07:35     Alternative medicine’s critique of conventional medicine and what Chris Kresser has to add to that critique

• 0:10:47     Why hasn’t alternative medicine outcompeted conventional medicine?

• 0:13:49     The differences between alternative medicine, integrative medicine, and functional medicine

• 0:20:20     The functional medicine approach to headaches

• 0:22:09     The California Center for Functional Medicine’s intake process for new patients

• 0:29:38     Why taking medications to reduce fever might be a bad idea in most cases but can be helpful in some rare cases

• 0:32:33     How we can justify the costs of testing in functional medicine. Using type 2 diabetes as an example, investing $5,000 up front for one patient can save half a million dollars in the long run.

• 0:37:08     Who will end up paying for functional medicine?

• 0:42:39     What Chris Kresser is doing to spread the functional medicine approach to healthcare: his book Unconventional Medicine; the California Center for Functional Medicine; his program with the Berkeley Fire Department; and the Kresser Institute’s physician and health coach training programs.

• 0:48:00     Why doctors still need people skills

• 0:51:27     The importance of allied health providers, such as health coaches, nutritionists, and nurse practitioners, and how they can make longer appointments with physicians economically feasible

• 1:05:13     Advice for starting a career in functional medicine and deciding what degree to pursue

• 1:11:12     Advice for physicians who want to start practicing functional medicine

• 1:13:01     Who should read Unconventional Medicine and where to get it

Other Kresser/Masterjohn Interviews

RHR, March 21, 2018: How to Maximize Your Nutrient Intake With Chris Masterjohn

The Healthy Skeptic Episode 11: Chris Masterjohn on Cholesterol and Heart Disease (Part 1)

The Healthy Skeptic, September 8, 2011: Chris Masterjohn on Cholesterol and Heart Disease (Part 2)

RHR, February 8, 2012: Chris Masterjohn on Cholesterol and Heart Disease (Part 3)

Read the Transcript

Masterpass members can read the transcript here:

Access the Transcript Here

To learn more about the Masterpass, click here.

Disclaimer

I am not a medical doctor and this is not medical advice. Nor is this financial or legal advice, nor is anything contained herein to be construed as an explicit accusation against any individual or organization mentioned. My goal is to seek the truth and to empower you with information. Please make all health decisions yourself, consulting sources you trust, including a caring health care professional.

Please Show This Post Some Love

Let me know what you think in the comments! And please like the post if you found it valuable, and share the post with others if you believe they too would find it valuable.

Share

Take a Look at the Store

• At no extra cost to you, please consider buying products from one of my popular affiliates using these links: Paleovalley, Magic Spoon breakfast cereal, LMNT, Seeking Health, Ancestral Supplements. Find more affiliates here.

• For $2.99, you can purchase The Vitamins and Minerals 101 Cliff Notes, a bullet point summary of all the most important things I’ve learned in over 15 years of studying nutrition science.

• For $10, you can purchase The Food and Supplement Guide for the Coronavirus, my protocol for prevention and for what to do if you get sick (free if you become a paid subscriber to my Substack).

• For $29.99, you can purchase a copy of my ebook, Testing Nutritional Status: The Ultimate Cheat Sheet, my complete system for managing your nutritional status using dietary analysis, a survey of just under 200 signs and symptoms, and a comprehensive guide to proper interpretation of labwork.

• For a recurring $15/month or $120/year, you can join the CMJ Masterpass, with monthly access to live Zoom Q&A sessions with me, and huge discounts on my consulting, my informational products, and the health and wellness products from other companies that I value most. Paid Substack subscribers get 50% off the membership fee.

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This episode is a panel discussion between Dr. Chris Masterjohn, Alex Leaf of Examine.Com, and Vladimir Heiskanen, covering everything you need to know about glycine.

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Show Notes

• 0:00:45     Introducing Alex Leaf and Vladimir Heiskanen

• 0:02:44     Cliff Notes

• 0:08:28     Vladimir, Alex, and Chris each share their favorite underappreciated fact about glycine.

• 0:11:12     Roles of glycine include detoxification, glutathione synthesis, heme synthesis, creatine synthesis, collagen synthesis, removal of intermediates when metabolic pathways are backed up, and it acts as a calming neurotransmitter.

• 0:17:06     Glycine synthesis is almost entirely dependent on folate utilization and generates about 3 grams per day.

• 0:23:37     Glycine is consumed in the diet, but methionine, found abundantly in animal protein, increases the need for glycine.

• 0:26:33     MTHFR mutations worsen glycine status.

• 0:29:10     Over the course of evolution, our collagen requirements increased substantially, but our ability to synthesize glycine stayed the same.

• 0:33:25     We run a deficit of our ability to synthesize glycine relative to our needs of about 10 grams per day, according to the most conservative estimate.

• 0:38:09     Running a glycine deficit is an intrinsic part of the biology of large vertebrates, but our ancestors mitigated this deficit by eating collagen-rich diets.

• 0:41:54     Glycine competes with other amino acids for intestinal absorption, and free glycine is absorbed less efficiently than glycine in the form of di- or tripeptides, as found in collagen.

• 0:46:56     In animal studies, glycine protects against the metabolic consequences of obesogenic diets, diabetes complications, cancer, liver injury, and kidney injury; and it has anti-inflammatory effects that might protect against endotoxins.

• 0:51:19     In human studies, glycine supplementation promotes healthy sleep and blood glucose regulation.

• 0:54:24     Glycine is overwhelmingly safe.

• 0:57:00     Collagen supplementation may increase urinary oxalate excretion.

• 0:59:06     Strategies to minimize risk of kidney stones: ensure optimal B6 status; measure urinary oxalate excretion; monitor urine pH; get 800-1200 mg calcium; other protective factors are vitamin A, magnesium, and citrate.

• 1:10:55     Practicalities of glycine supplementation; how Vladimir, Alex, and Chris get their glycine; and how collagen and glycine fit into the overall protein requirement.

• 1:29:45     Lab tests to assess glycine status

Glycine and Collagen Supplement Recommendations

The best way to get glycine is from hydrolyzed collagen. Great Lakes offers the best balance of quality, transparency, and price. Vital Proteins, while more expensive, uses enzymatic digestions rather than heat to hydrolyze the collagen, and some people find that their digestion tolerates Vital Proteins but not other brands.

Some people respond better to pure glycine. For these cases I recommend Bulk Supplements pure glycine powder. It has the same sweetness as sugar and can be used as a sweetener.

You also can use gelatin, though it’s less bioavailable than hydrolyzed collagen.

Lab Tests Related to Glycine

The Genova ION Panel + 40 Amino Acids has glycine, sarcosine, pyroglutamate, xanthurenate, kynurenate, and quinolinate. If glycine is below the middle of the range, you may need more. If pyroglutamate is mid-range or higher, you do not have enough glycine to synthesize the amount of glutathione your body is trying to make. If sarcosine is mid-range or higher, your glycine is being depleted as a methyl buffer. If xanthurenate, kynurenate, and quinolinate are elevated, you are probably deficient in B6, which compromises endogenous glycine synthesis and makes the hydroxyproline in collagen more likely to generate oxalate.

24-hour urine oxalate (LabCorp) while consuming the amount of collagen you usually consume or random urine oxalate (Quest) after a collagen-rich meal can be used to test whether collagen supplementation is raising your urinary oxalate levels.

These tests are covered in more detail, with all other nutritional testing one click away, in Testing Nutritional Status: The Ultimate Cheat Sheet.

Links and Research Related to Glycine

The Examine.Com page on glycine.

Gelatin, Stress, and Longevity by Ray Peat was the article that initially inspired Vladimir to research glycine.

Health Benefits of Glycine is Vladimir’s own review.

Meléndez-Hevia et al. A weak link in metabolism: the metabolic capacity for glycine biosynthesis does not satisfy the need for collagen synthesis. 2009.

Gannon et al. The metabolic response to ingested glycine. 2002.

Cruz et al. Glycine treatment decreases proinflammatory cytokines and increases interferon-gamma in patients with type 2 diabetes. 2008.

Brind et al. Dietary glycine supplementation mimics lifespan extension by dietary methionine restriction in Fisher 344 rats. 2011.

Sugiyama et al. Effect of dietary glycine on methionine metabolism in rats fed a high-methionine diet. 1987.

Sekhar et al. Deficient synthesis of glutathione underlies oxidative stress in aging and can be corrected by dietary cysteine and glycine supplementation. 2011.

Honeyguide: Bone Broth, Gelatin, Oxalate, and Kidney Stones

Knight et al. Hydroxyproline ingestion and urinary oxalate and glycolate excretion. 2006.

Other Posts Related to Glycine

Chris Masterjohn Lite: Get Better Sleep With Glycine

Chris Masterjohn Lite: Collagen Before Your Workout For Tendon Health

Chris Masterjohn Lite: Glycine With a Meal for Blood Sugar

Chris Masterjohn Lite: Oxalates — Should You Be Concerned About Collagen?

Chris Masterjohn Lite: Ten Tips for Preventing Kidney Stones

Chris Masterjohn Lite: What to Do About MTHFR

Chris Masterjohn Lite: This is the Blood Work You Should Get for MTHFR

Mastering Nutrition: Living With MTHFR

Mastering Nutrition: Methylate Your Way to Mental Health With Dopamine

Mastering Nutrition: Creatine — Far More Than a Performance Enhancer

For even more, search the site for “glycine.”

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Disclaimer

I am not a medical doctor and this is not medical advice. Nor is this financial or legal advice, nor is anything contained herein to be construed as an explicit accusation against any individual or organization mentioned. My goal is to seek the truth and to empower you with information. Please make all health decisions yourself, consulting sources you trust, including a caring health care professional.

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